El Estatuto Revisado de Colorado § 18-18-428 lo convierte en un delito menor de drogas tener parafernalia de drogas ilegalmente. Hacerlo conlleva una multa de hasta $100 pero sin tiempo real en la cárcel.
Generalmente, no es ilegal tener parafernalia de marihuana porque la ley estatal permite poseer hasta dos onzas de marihuana recreativa para uso privado.
El siguiente gráfico muestra los tipos comunes de parafernalia en los delitos de drogas en Colorado.
En este artículo, nuestros abogados defensores penales de Colorado discuten los siguientes temas relacionados con la parafernalia de drogas:
- 1. Elementos
- 2. Ejemplos
- 3. Penas
- 4. Parafernalia de Marihuana
- 5. Excepción de Aguja Hipodérmica
- 6. Defensas
- 7. Sellados de Registros
- Recursos Adicionales
1. Elementos
El Estatuto Revisado de Colorado 18-18-428 prohíbe la “posesión” de parafernalia de drogas si usted sabe – o razonablemente debería saber – que la parafernalia podría ser utilizada para hacer, almacenar, usar, o ingerir drogas.
Se considera que usted está “en posesión” si tiene cualquiera de los siguientes:
- posesión real, como sostener físicamente una pipa de metanfetamina;
- posesión constructiva, como almacenar agujas hipodérmicas en el armario; o
- posesión conjunta, como compartir contenedores de drogas con un compañero de cuarto.
Tenga en cuenta que no es un delito penal poseer parafernalia para marihuana, concentrado de marihuana o marihuana medicinal.1
Poseer parafernalia de drogas como pipas de metanfetamina en violación de CRS 18-18-428 es una ofensa menor de drogas.
2. Ejemplos
CRS 18-18-426 define la parafernalia de drogas como:
“todo equipo, producto y material de cualquier tipo que se use, tenga la intención de usar o esté diseñado para usar en la siembra, propagación, cultivo, crecimiento, cosecha, fabricación, compuesto, conversión, producción, procesamiento, preparación, empaque, reempaque, almacenamiento, contención, ocultación, inyección, ingestión, inhalación o de otra manera introducir en el cuerpo humano una sustancia controlada en violación de [la ley de Colorado].”
En otras palabras, prácticamente cualquier cosa cuenta como parafernalia de drogas si el fiscal del distrito puede probar que la usó para ayudar a almacenar, usar o procesar drogas de alguna manera. Ejemplos de parafernalia de drogas son:
- básculas y balanzas utilizadas, con la intención de usar o diseñadas para usar en el pesaje o medición de sustancias controladas;
- licuadoras, tazones, contenedores, cucharas y dispositivos de mezcla utilizados, con la intención de usar o diseñados para usar en la composición de sustancias controladas;
- cápsulas, globos, sobres y otros contenedores utilizados, con la intención de usar o diseñados para usar en el empaque de pequeñas cantidades de sustancias controladas;
- contenedores y otros objetos utilizados, con la intención de usar o diseñados para usar en el almacenamiento u ocultación de sustancias controladas; o
- objetos utilizados, con la intención de usar o diseñados para usar en la ingestión, inhalación o de otra manera introducir cocaína en el cuerpo humano, como:
- Pipas de metal, madera, acrílico, vidrio, piedra, plástico o cerámica con o sin pantallas, pantallas permanentes o tazones de metal perforados;
- Pipas de agua;
- Tubos y dispositivos de carburación;
- Máscaras para fumar y carburación;
- Cucharas de cocaína en miniatura y viales de cocaína;
- Pipas de cámara;
- Pipas de carburador;
- Pipas eléctricas;
- Pipas impulsadas por aire;
- Chillums; o
- Pipas de hielo o enfriadores.
Tenga en cuenta que la parafernalia de drogas no incluye accesorios de marihuana. Ejemplos incluyen
- bongs,
- papeles de liar y
- pinzas para colillas.2
3. Sanciones
Poseer parafernalia de drogas es una ofensa menor de drogas, castigable con hasta $100 y sin cárcel.3
Vea nuestro artículo relacionado sobre publicidad de parafernalia de drogas (CRS 18-18-430), que es un delito menor de drogas de nivel 2. Este delito de drogas puede llevar tiempo en la cárcel.
Los accesorios de marihuana no se consideran parafernalia de drogas según la ley penal de Colorado.
4. Parafernalia de Marihuana
La ley de Colorado permite la posesión de parafernalia de drogas de cannabis. La razón es que la ley estatal permite la posesión de hasta dos onzas de marihuana para uso recreativo en privado.4
Tenga en cuenta que la posesión y el uso de marihuana siguen siendo ilegales según la ley federal de drogas.5
5. Excepción de Aguja Hipodérmica
Se le puede preguntar si tiene una aguja hipodérmica o una jeringa antes de:
- un técnico médico de emergencia u otro primer respondedor que lo esté tratando, o
- un oficial de policía que esté registrando su persona, propiedad o vehículo.
Siempre y cuando divulgue su posesión de una aguja(s) antes de la búsqueda, evaluación o tratamiento, está inmune de cargos por posesión de parafernalia de drogas.
(2) Possession of drug paraphernalia is a level 2 drug misdemeanor.
(3) In any prosecution for possession of drug paraphernalia, the knowledge required by subsection (1) of this section may be inferred from the proximity of the drug paraphernalia to drugs or to the defendant, the existence of drug residue on the drug paraphernalia, or other relevant factors and circumstances.
(4) This section shall not apply to any person authorized by article 42.5 of title 12, C.R.S., to distribute hypodermic needles and syringes.
(5) This section shall not apply to any person who is authorized by article 42.5 of title 12, C.R.S., to possess a hypodermic needle or syringe.
(I) Prior to searching a person, a person’s premises, or a person’s vehicle, a peace officer may ask the person whether the person is in possession of a hypodermic needle or syringe that may cut or puncture the officer or whether such a hypodermic needle or syringe is on the premises or in the vehicle to be searched. If a hypodermic needle or syringe is on the person, on the person’s premises, or in the person’s vehicle and the person, either in response to the officer’s question or voluntarily, alerts the officer of that fact prior to the search, assessment, or treatment, the peace officer shall not arrest or cite the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe, and the district attorney shall not charge or prosecute the person pursuant to this section for the hypodermic needle or syringe or section 18-18-403.5 for any minuscule, residual controlled substance that may be present in a used hypodermic needle or syringe. The circumstances described in this paragraph (b) may be used as a factor in a probable cause or reasonable suspicion determination of any criminal offense if the original stop or search was lawful.
(3) In any prosecution for possession of drug paraphernalia, the knowledge required by subsection (1) of this section may be inferred from the proximity of the drug paraphernalia to drugs or to the defendant, the existence of drug residue on the drug paraphernalia, or other relevant factors and circumstances.
(1) (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, any person who has been charged with a criminal offense, including a petty offense, and against whom a criminal proceeding is pending in any court in this state, or who has been charged with a criminal offense, including a petty offense, and who has been acquitted of such charge, or against whom a criminal proceeding was initiated and thereafter dismissed, may petition the district court in the district in which the criminal proceeding was held for the sealing of all official records relating to such charge. The district court shall seal all official records relating to such charge, other than basic identification information, if the court finds that the charge was completely dismissed, or that the person was acquitted of all charges filed against him or her arising out of the arrest or filing of the charge, or that there was no filing of charges against him or her arising out of the arrest and that the statute of limitations for filing such charges has expired or that the prosecuting agency has declined to file charges in the matter and that the statute of limitations for filing such charges has expired, and that no other criminal charges are pending against the petitioner. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were filed and subsequently dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to the charge that is the subject of the petition to seal. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement in which the defendant pled guilty to other charges, unless the district court finds that the defendant would not have been charged with the offense that is the subject of the petition to seal if the defendant had not been charged with the other offenses. The district court shall not seal records pertaining to charges that were dismissed as part
(2) Cualquier persona que cometa posesión de parafernalia de drogas comete una ofensa menor de drogas y, tras ser declarado culpable, será castigado con una multa de no más de cien dólares.