CRS 18-8-706 – Retaliation Against a Witness in Colorado

Under Colorado CRS 18-8-706, retaliating against a witness to (or victim of) a crime is a criminal offense. Retaliating against a juror in a criminal or civil trial is also a crime.

Retaliating against a witness, victim of a crime, or juror is a class 4 felony.

The language of 18-8-706 CRS reads as follows:

(1) An individual commits retaliation against a witness or victim if such person uses a threat, act of harassment as defined in section 18-9-111, or act of harm or injury upon any person or property, which action is directed to or committed upon a witness or a victim to any crime, an individual whom the person believes has been or would have been called to testify as a witness or victim, a member of the witness’ family, a member of the victim’s family, an individual in close relationship to the witness or victim, an individual residing in the same household with the witness or victim, as retaliation or retribution against such witness or victim.

(2) Retaliation against a witness or victim is a class 4 felony.

In this article, our Colorado criminal defense lawyers will address:

• 1. What is retaliation against a witness?
• 2. Who are considered witnesses and victims of a crime?
• 3. What is retaliation against a juror?
• 4. What are the penalties?
• 5. Related Offenses

1. What is retaliation against a witness?

It is a crime in Colorado to retaliate against a witness to a crime or victim of a crime. Retaliation or retribution is done for the purpose of getting back at the victim or witness and includes:

• Making threats;
• Using harassment; or
• Acts of harm or injury

Retaliation can be directed at the victim, witness, family member of the witness’ or victim’s family, person in a close relationship with the victim or witness; or an individual who lives in the same household.¹

“Harassment” includes any annoying or harmful touching, making verbal or written threats, or obscene gestures with the intent to annoy, harass, or cause alarm to another person. Harassment can include:

• Touching, hitting, kicking, or poking;
• Making obscene gestures in public;
• Following someone around in a public place;
• Making threats through the phone;
• Making threats through text, social media, email, or other electronic medium;
• Making repeated phone calls and hanging up; or
• Taunting, challenging, or insulting another person in a way to provoke a violent reaction.²

2. Who are considered witnesses and victims of a crime?

A witness to a crime includes any person who:

• Has knowledge of facts relating to a crime;
• Has made a declaration under oath for use as evidence in a criminal case;
• Reported any crime to a peace officer;
• Has been served a subpoena by the court; or
• Any person who would reasonably be believed to be any of the above.³

A “victim” includes any person against whom any crime has been perpetrated or attempted. This could include sexual assault, robbery victims, burglary victims, or victims of fraud.⁴

3. What is retaliation against a juror?

Under C.R.S. 18-8-706.5, an individual commits retaliation against a juror by using a threat, harassment, or act of harm or injury directed at a juror who has served on a criminal or civil trial in retaliation for their actions as a juror. This includes actions directed at or committed upon a juror, member of the juror’s family, individual in a close relationship, or individual residing in the same household.⁵

A “juror” means any person who is a member of a jury or grand jury serving on a jury panel by any court in Colorado. It also includes any person who has been selected or summoned to attend as a prospective juror.⁶

4. What are the penalties?

Retaliation against a witness or victim of a crime is a class 4 felony.⁷ Retaliation against a juror or prospective juror is also a class 4 felony in Colorado.⁸ The penalties for a conviction of retaliation against a witness, victim, or juror include 2 to 6 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000. In addition, there is a mandatory parole period of 3 years.

In addition to fines and jail time, a conviction for retaliation against a witness or victim could subject the defendant to civil liability. Under C.R.S. 18-8-708, victims of intimidation or retaliation are eligible for damages suffered as the result of intimidation or retaliation. In a civil proceeding, witnesses or victims, or members of their family, may recover damages for any injury or property damage. They may also be eligible to receive treble damages and attorney fees.⁹

5. Related Offenses

Aggravated Retaliation Against a Witness or Victim C.R.S. 1808,706.3

The statute reads:

(1) A person commits the crime of aggravated retaliation against a witness or victim if, during the act of retaliation, the person:

(a) Is armed with a deadly weapon with the intent, if resisted, to kill, maim, or wound the person being retaliated against or any other person; or

(b) Knowingly wounds with a deadly weapon the person being retaliated against or any other person; or

(c) By the use of force, threats, or intimidation with a deadly weapon, knowingly puts the person being retaliated against or any other person in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury.

(2) Aggravated retaliation against a witness or victim is a class 3 felony.

Bribing a Witness C.R.S. 18-8-703

In Colorado, offering money or another benefit to a witness or victim of a crime to influence their decisions is bribing a witness. Bribing a witness is a felony. The penalties for bribery of a witness or victim includes up to 6 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000.

Intimidating a Witness C.R.S. 18-8-704

In Colorado, making threats against a witness or victim of a crime in order to influence their decisions is a criminal offense. Intimidating a witness is a felony, with increased felonies if the witness is intimidated by the use of a deadly weapon. See our related article on aggravated intimidation of a witness or victim (CRS 18-8-705).

Witness Tampering C.R.S. 18-8-707

Tampering with a witness involves attempts to get a witness to withhold testimony, testify falsely, or be absent from an official proceeding. Tampering with a witness is a class 4 felony, with penalties including 2 to 6 years in prison and up to $500,000 in fines.

Bribing a Juror C.R.S. 18-8-606

Bribing a juror involves offering or agreeing to offer money or any other benefit to a juror to influence the juror’s vote or opinion. Bribing a juror is a class 4 felony, with penalties including 2 to 6 years in prison and up to $500,000 in fines.

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